LESSON 1, VERSE 5:

Peter now goes to a new subject.

"And beside this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge!" 2nd Peter 1:5

"And beside this," he writes. In Greek, "kai autos houtos." The conjunction "and" is spelled "kai." The pronoun "autos" literally means "oneself!" Peter is about to center on something we can do to be more fruitful in our Christian lives, something important!

Now let's discuss the verb "add." It is "epichoregeo." It's beautiful too! The prefix "epi" serves to intensify the meaning of the main stem. Really add these things, with all your strength! And "choregeo" means "to lead the choir!" Yes, "choros" means a chorus, a group of singers! The ending, "ago," means "to lead" or go ahead of them, providing direction! In the Greek world however, the one leading the chorus also was expected to provide everything else they needed too! A place to sing, uniforms or robes to wear, an audience to hear, provisions for the whole group!

This is the verb for completely supplying whatever is needed!

The eight Christian graces or qualities we are about to study are like members of the orchestra, the spiritual orchestra of your life, your inner spiritual life!

You and I must cultivate them and lead them and add them and direct them in harmony ... for our lives to fully glorify God!

The verb here is also an imperative! We are being commanded to seek these aspects of godliness!

The participle "giving" translates "pareisphero," meaning "to bring in," using both "eis" (into) and "phero" (to carry or bear) as its building blocks.

To reach this level of Christian development, one must bring a massive load of "diligence" too. The Greek "spoude" means "with all one's effort!" It actually is derived from the verb "speudo," to hurry or make haste!

What a building project is underway!

Notice the foundation floor, "faith!"

"Pistos" is sheer belief, trust, confidence in someone! I believe that here the emphasis is likely faith in God. However there is the possibility that "faithfulness" is meant too, being stable and durative in one's character. "Steadfast and immoveable" Paul called it in 1st Corinthians 15:58

Faith can be built or "added" and increased two ways.

Romans 10:17 explains the first. "So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Study the Word! Memorize it and meditate in it and obey it, saturating your minds and hearts thereby!

Secondly, pray for more faith! "And straightway the father of the child cried out, and said with tears, Lord, I believe; help thou mine unbelief." Mark 9:24 records a prayer the Lord answered too! The man's faith was increased!

Furthermore, one's faith can be strengthened by being tried and tested! Peter teaches us: "That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perisheth, though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise and honour and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ." 1st Peter 1:8 says this. Then enters James: "My brethren, count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations; knowing this, that the trying of your faith worketh patience. But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing." James 1:2-4

There are levels of faith, degrees of it. Jesus spoke of no faith in Mark 4:40. And of little faith in Matthew 16:8. Then of great faith in Matthew 8:10.

A case can be made also that this faith of which we speak is not merely a human contrivance. It's a gift from God! "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: not of works, lest any man should boast." Ephesians 2:8-9

Make good use of your faith!

But do not let it exist in a vacuum!

Add to that good faith ... virtue!

This word, "arete," means moral excellence! Moral power or energy! Here is purity of life!

What was the first thing you did when you were saved, or at least one of the first things? You cleaned your house, ridding it of all filth and degradation! Magazines and movies and bottles of liquor and a whole lot more were dumped! Why? Clean living always follows saving faith! Always!

It's just that we must continually strive to live more and more cleanly! More holy and godly Believers in Jesus!

One more thing about "virtue," it is built upon the foundation of a Latin noun, "vir," which means "man" or "manly!" That's where its inherent idea of "strength" is located. "Like a man!"

In Psalm 8:2 read these words, noticing particularly "strength," which will be capitalized. "Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger. "

Now watch Jesus quote this Psalm in Matthew 21:16, "And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?"

Look what Jesus did! And He has the authority to do so! He substituted the word "praise" for the word "strength!" But that's really no major change! Maybe Jesus is teaching us that praise equals strength! If one is strong in the Lord, he or she will often yield an abundance of praise to God!

Then comes "knowledge." And "gnosis" means the very act of knowing. It is derived from the verb "ginosko" and means "to know" absolutey! The first time this word is used in Scripture, Luke 1:77 is talking about the "knowledge" of salvation!

However, knowledge alone is not good. It must have charity affixed! And that's exactly where this list is headed! Paul wrote in 1st Corinthians 8:1, "Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth."

The Holy Spirit, the true Imparter of God's knowledge and the real Teacher of spirituality, will not enlighten a dirty vessel, a defiled student! Therefore, purity or virtue is a prerequisite of knowledge!

This list is amazing and logical and reveals to us many of the beautiful ways of God!

More tomorrow, Lord willing.

                                                                                --- Dr. Mike Bagwell

LESSON 2, VERSE 6:

The verb is implied. This is the very reason why we must study the Bible in context! 2nd Peter 2:6 says: "And to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness."

Although these words constitute a major portion of the very heart of our Text, without support from the verses before and after .... they lack complete coherence.

"Add," the "epichoregeo" of last verse, is still predominate. ADD to your knowledge temperance, Peter is saying. Then ADD to your temperance patience! Next ADD to your patience godliness!

You see it.

But, what does "temperance" mean? And why does it immediately follow knowledge?

The noun is "egkrateia," a blending of two words suggesting "strength" (in Greek, "kratos") and "en" (meaning fixed position, "within"), strength within a person! This concept usually is defined as "self-control." But we Christians must be careful here. "Egkrateia" is not just self-control, rather its self-control under the Holy Spirit's control!

Inner strength! Much like Paul had in mind when he wrote: "I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me." Philippians 4:13

This is the person who is working to master his or her desires and passions, keeping them under control. For example, in Titus 1:8 we Preachers are required to be "temperate," self-controlled! Literally as we have seen, "holding oneself in!" This concept is the very opposite of the world's yearnings, which loudly call for "more, more more!" No, "egkrateia" says "sufficient, sufficient, sufficient!"

This temperance is specifically listed also as part of the Fruit of the Holy Spirit in Galatians 5:22-23.

And "temperance" follows "knowledge" because ... once God teaches us something, via the Holy Spirit of course, we must then go and practice that new truth! Live it! Incorporate it into our lives! Demand that our bodies and flesh submit and yield to it! And when that happens, self-control will have been properly exercised!

Next comes "patience!"

"Hupomone" presents a lovely word picture. It literally pictures a man "staying or remaining" (in Greek, "meno") "under" (spelled "hupo") a heavy load ... without grumbling or complaining, joyfully continuing his Christian walk!

It is defined by the textbooks as "hopeful endurance or constancy or steadfastness!" It means staying on track, regardless of the difficulties or detractions that may come one's way! "Staying power" someone says.

The first New Testament use of "hupomone" tells us a lot. Jesus is preaching, giving His parable of the sower. "But that on the good ground are they, which in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with patience." Luke 8:5 beautifully links fruit and endurance!

Why this specific order?

When we learn something (knowledge) then practice it (temperance or self-control) ... invariably trials and hardships will come our way! That requires patience. The devil is not going to let you grow and grown in the Lord without putting some pitfalls or stumbling stones in your pathway, something anyway! But these, designed by Satan to trip you ... are ultimately used by God to strengthen you! That is, if we stay under the load and keep on serving Jesus, both with the right heart attitude, staying sweet and cheerful. Not grumbling!

Then as we scale this spiritual ladder, growing in Grace each step of the way, comes "godliness." This noun does not just mean "God likeness." That can be misleading in this case. Rather, "eusebeia" blends "good" (in Greek, "eu") and the verb "to adore or to revere" (spelled "sebomai"), giving us "reverencing well" Almighty God! Respecting Him and honoring Him and worshipping Him! "A manner of life that is well-pleasing to God, based upon attitudes of reverence and respect toward one's Saviour!" Another said, "reverence manifested in actions."

Perhaps this word, holding God in such high regard, is placed exactly where it is ... following patience ... to teach us that (automatically when one is under the Holy Spirit's superintendence) after being subjected to all life's trials and heartaches ("patience") and even then sensing the Lord's nearness and power and grace, one just MUST worship and adore and exalt Him the rest of his or her life!

Thus, godliness is an outgrowth of patience which developed from temperance which was required after knowledge came!

Here's a graph of the Holy Spirit's tactics as he builds us in Christ! As he brings us to maturity!

There is more to come.

                                                                           --- Dr. Mike Bagwell

LESSON 3, VERSE 7:

The spiral continues to climb!

The adding process builds ... "And to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity." 2nd Peter 1:7

The sequence so far has been: faith, virtue, knowledge, temperance, patience, godliness ... then come the final two, brotherly kindness and charity.

I think the logic develops this way, in our context that is. The pressure and trials that produce "patience" will, if properly received, drive us to the Lord! On our knees! In reverence and worship, which is the true meaning of the word used here for "godliness!"

Yet while we suffered and felt the pressures of spiritual growth, kneeling before our Lord ... two things happened. Nearly automatically, yet essentially under the Holy Spirit's direct control, our Brethren came to us! They came to help and encourage and pray and befriend! Even sharing financially if such needs exist, these Believers proved their care and compassion!

This of course incubates "brotherly kindness!" The Greek word "philadelphia" means a genuine liking of those born into the same family! Those produced by the same Father! Through the same womb! But not just "liking" them, being friends to them, fond of them, even loving them in a holy and proper way.

Then furthermore, having suffered such growing pains and having worshipped so reverently and having been so supported by my Brethren ... I consequently want to help my Brethren when THEY go through hard times.  This too is an aspect of brotherly kindness!

"Philadelphia" is indeed brotherly affection.

The noun "philos" actually means a "friend." Then "adelphos" means "someone born from the same womb!" In Greek "delphus" means just that, womb.

If this trait existed more evenly in our Churches, certainly less bickering would be heard!

Then finally comes the crowning quality, "charity!"

There is a lot of skepticism these days about Bible "word study." But say what they may, liberals cannot deny the fact that here, in 2nd Peter 1:7, the Holy Spirit places "agape" love over and above "phileo" love. It is spiritually superior, at least here.

One distinction might be that "philos" love is more emotional and "agape" love is more volitional, determined, unconditional.

Either way, this is true: in one's quest to properly appreciate his Brethren, the men and women at Church, he will occasionally meet someone who is HARD to love! A difficult saint! It might be personality or environment or heredity ... or the flesh itself, but they are abrasive to those around them!

This takes a higher level of intensity, not just "brotherly love" here ... but real "charity!" This is the heart attitude that gives love, purely and freely and lavishly, regardless of the response!

No wonder Paul wrote, "And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity." 1st Corinthians 13:13

Or as Peter puts it, "And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves: for charity shall cover the multitude of sins." 1st Peter 4:8

And maybe, just maybe, this is where outright soul-winning enters the picture too!

Reaching out to everyone, sinners, who need the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ! After all, the greatest example of "agape" love known to man is found at the Cross of Calvary! "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life." This is John 3:16, where "loved" is spelled "agapao" in Greek!

Yes, the capstone, the penthouse, the apex of Christian living is LOVE! But not love that lacks the seven under-girding traits we have just studied!

Love without faith can be heresy!

Love without virtue can be worldliness!

Love without knowledge can be ecumenicity!

Love without temperance can be excessive and maybe even idolatrous!

Love without patience can be haughty!

Love without godliness can be misdirected and ultimately, though ironically, self-centered!

Love without brotherly kindness can be undeveloped and downright immature!

But put them all together, all eight, and look what happens!

In fact, what happens next is the subject of the rest of this great Text!

Come back again!

                                                                             --- Dr. Mike Bagwell

LESSON 4, VERSE 8: 

Eight things, qualities placed in a Christian's life by the Holy Spirit of God ... but only as we obey and cooperate with Him!

Faith through charity ... then Peter adds: "For if these things be in you, and abound, they make you that ye shall neither be barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ." 2nd Peter 1:8

The opening verb, "be," is unusual! It translates "huparcho," meaning "to begin underneath" something! "Archomai" suggests commencing in order of time. See archaeology therein. "Hupo" pictures something here working from the foundation upward! Here as a present participle, this action is constant, habitual, durative. It's a lifestyle!

"In you" is underwritten by one word, a pronoun, "humin," a dative case plural. It means "in" or "to" or even "for" you! These graces must be internalized to do their job!

The present participle "abound" is exactly spelled "pleonazonta." It means increasing, growing, expanding! Its root just suggests more in quantity or quality. Like a river out of the banks!

"Make" translates "kathistemi," a "standing firm" in one's position! To remain on one's foundation!

"Barren" is spelled "argos," meaning lazy or at leisure or free from labor! It blends "a" and "ergon," not working! Incorporating these eight qualities into one's life, in conjunction with the Holy Spirit's working, will keep one busy, very busy!

And "neither" is "ou" or "ouk," depending on its location before a vowel or consonant. It just means "not!" Absolutely not, in fact!

"Unfruitful" is "akarpos," without ("a") fruit ("karpos"), as in no apples on the tree! Only used seven times in the whole New Testament, this word appears in a negative sense every time but here! In Matthew 13 and Mark 4, Jesus' Parable of the Sower is in view, the unfruitful ones being unsaved apparently! If so, our eight graces here are also signs of true salvation! Proof that one is born again!

Then comes the noun "knowledge." Fuller than the mere "gnosis" of Verse five, this appears as "epignosis," full knowledge, precise knowledge, correct knowledge, assured knowledge! This whole Text builds verse by verse!

And, as with everything else in the Bible, all this centers around our "Lord Jesus Christ!" That's "Kurios Iesous Christos." Lord means master or owner or even husband at times! Jesus means Saviour! And Christ means the very Anointed One of God, the Messiah!

It's still all about Him!

Amen!

What guarantees these eight traits bring with them!

                                                                              --- Dr. Mike Bagwell

LESSON 5, VERSE 9:     

"But he that lacketh these things is blind, and cannot see afar off, and hath forgotten that he was purged from his old sins." 2nd Peter 1:9

What things?

In this context it's faith, virtue, knowledge, temperance, patience, godliness, brotherly kindness and love!

The verb "lacketh" is unique! It's comprised of two words, a verb and an adverb. "Pareimi" blends "para" meaning "alongside" and "eimi" meaning "to be." Thus we have something like this: abundantly existing right alongside you! Of course the thought is negated, so "me" is added, an adverb to us. It means "not," usually when a negative answer is expected. Being present tense, "pareimi" indicates a habitual situation, a pattern of life.

The adjective "blind" is spelled "tuphlos." The Greek verb "tuphoo" means "to enclose with smoke." Surprisingly, it's found 48 times in the New Testament, all but 4 of which are associated with the Life of Christ in some way! He came to dispel blindness!

These fruitless people, lackers of faith and virtue and so forth, act as if they're in a smoke-filled room! They have no sense of direction!

"Cannot see afar off" is "muopazo" and blends "ops" meaning one's eyes and "muo" meaning "to shut!" The word picture is this: to squint and shut one's eyes! However, "muo" alone never occurs in the Scriptures. In its noun form, "musterion," it can be found at least 27 times! That's the New Testament's word for "mystery." That which is "shut" or enclosed ... in secrecy!

Maybe these folks prefer a hazy spiritual existence, shrouded in darkness!

Then comes the difficult clause, "having forgotten that he was purged from his old sins!"

How does a saved man forget that?

Literally the Text says "lethe lambano." The verb "lambano" just means "to receive, to obtain, to accept or to lay hold" of something." The "lethe" is a noun form of the verb "to forget." Thus, having received forgetfulness! These people have chosen to forget, de-emphasizing their very salvation! Note: "lambano" is in the active voice here too!

Conversely, in 2nd Timothy 1:5 we find this Greek construction, "having received memory!" Paul says, "when I call to remembrance!"

One person can choose to remember. Another can choose to forget. But, if you got what I got when you were saved ... this forgetting would have to come slowly! It surely would be tough to do! I would not even believe it possible ... except for Peter's surprising words here! Preachers, that would be an interesting series of sermons! Peter's most astounding statements! Like when he called Lot "righteous" in 2nd Peter 2:8.

The word "purged" is spelled "katharismos." It's our English word "catharsis," an inner cleansing! Originally this was a medical term, then a therapeutic one ... from the counselor's office! Actually we have a noun here! Something like, "having forgotten the purging from his sins!" The "katharismos" family of words may be found in several "Cross of Calvary" Passages. For example, in Hebrews 1:3 Jesus "by Himself purged our sins!"

These are apparently saved people. They have been Blood-washed! But they are not growing in Christ as they should.

"Sins" are instances of "missing the mark!" Failing to obey God! "Hamartia" is the Greek word. Actually it combines "a" which is a negative, and "meros," one's portion or part or allowance! Sin robs me of things God had planned to give me! It takes away my inheritance! At least that's one way of looking at sin, the grammatical way!

Then the adjective "old" enters our Verse. "But he that lacketh these things is blind, and cannot see afar off, and hath forgotten that he was purged from his old sins."

This is spelled "palai" and means "of long ago, ancient." But this word has an underlying connotation also. "Palin" is the main Greek adverb for again! "Oscillatory repetition" says one source! The root is "pale," to vibrate! Hence, to repeat!

Repetitious sins?

We might here understand that one's lacking these eight graces of the Christian life will lead to more and more sinning!

Go through the list once again, asking of each quality, "How does this retard sin in my life?"

Can faith give me victory over sin? "And this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith." 1st John 5:4

Virtue? "Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things." Philippians 4:8

Now, continue through the whole list!

All the way down to love or charity! "And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves: for charity shall cover the multitude of sins." 1st Peter 4:8

Amen!

                                                                            --- Dr. Mike Bagwell

LESSON 6, VERSE 10:

Having enumerated and listed eight special manifestations of the Christian life, Peter now uses them as "proofs" of our very salvation!

"Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure: for if ye do these things, ye shall never fall." 2nd Peter 1:10

The adverb "rather" translates "mallon," meaning "all the more." Every modifier of the action in Verses 5-7, the "adding" Peter mentions, is intensive. We are being urged to concentrate on building these qualities into our lives; faith, virtue, knowledge, temperance, patience, godliness, brotherly kindness and charity.

And these aspects of "fruitfulness" are expected in the hearts of the "brethren," and them only apparently! The noun "adelphos," people born of the same womb, certainly refers to fellow Believers in Jesus here.

To "give diligence" is "spoudazo," to make haste and do one's very best! To apply all one's ability! This word is the opposite of half-heartedness or laziness. It is also the verb "study" in 2nd Timothy 2:15, "do give it all you've got!"

Peter began this Text with a "spoude" word also, "giving all diligence, add ...!" That's back in Verse 5.

We nearly have an "inclusio" here, a starting and an ending of a Paragraph with an identical grammatical marker!

"To make" is here a middle voice verbal, an infinitive. "Poieo" in this form suggests "doing" or "accomplishing" or "performing" a task, finishing it so thoroughly that it changes you in the process!

But look now!

Building these traits into one's life can help ... "make ones calling and election sure!"

The adjective "sure" is "bebaios" and means reliable or firm or well-founded. It is a word that pictures the "foundation" of a structure. It's root word is "basis," from "baino," in Greek "to walk!"

In Romans 4:16 God's Promises can be that "sure!"

In 2nd Corinthians 1:6 Paul's confidence in his new converts was also this "sure!"

The Truth of the Word of God is also this "sure" according to Peter later in 2nd Peter 1:19.

These three examples all use "bebaios."

I can also make my salvation that "sure!"

The noun "calling" is "klesis" and means one's invitation to salvation! Back when the Holy Spirit convicted you and drew you to Jesus! Mine is as sure as if it happened yesterday! It is bigger than life to me! Praise the Lord! I KNOW it was the Lord wooing me! "Kaleo" means to incite by word! Or to urge onward! It can mean "to order" too!

The accompanying noun is "ekloge" and means "a choosing" of someone or a "picking them out" deliberately and carefully! "Lego" means "to lay out" for the purpose of selection! God's Word, the "logos," is His carefully chosen Speech, designed to point us to Jesus! The prefix "ek" just meant "out of." We were chosen and taken "out of" sin and placed into Christ Jesus!

The we are furthermore promised: "If ye do these things, ye shall never fail."

The verb "do" is again "poieo," but as a present participle this time. On-going action, habitual constant obedience! Consistently building these graces into one's life, as empowered by the Holy Spirit of course!

"Never" serves here as another adverb, but it is doubled! "Ou" is the absolute negative, no exceptions! But added here is "me," the other Greek negative! No way will the possessor of these "faith through love" strengths fail!

It's not going to happen!

"Ptaio" means "to trip" or "to fall." Here's it's a subjunctive, revealing the ideal situation.

Then, as if to leave no doubt about anything, the Holy Spirit adds "pote," another word that augments the surety being promised! It means something like "whenever" or even "wherever!" At any time and at any place ... no falling is possible!

This is one of the most strongly worded promises in all Scripture!

My advice today: Bring on mega-doses of faith and virtue and knowledge and temperance and patience and godliness and brotherly kindness, coating it all with charity or agape love!

Really, if the Holy Spirit has so filled you ... it is probably a "given" that failure is not an option!

Praise the Lord!

It's HIS Power and Grace and Plan that should be mightily glorified today!

                                                                                    --- Dr. Mike Bagwell

LESSON 7, VERSE 11:

Talk about rewards!

Any real Christian who concentrates on the eight qualities we've been studying here will be rewarded!

That's a promise!

And not only rewarded here on earth, but in Heaven too!

Peter concludes: "For so an entrance shall be ministered unto you abundantly into the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." 2nd Peter 2:11

The fruit-laden saint, faith and virtue and all the rest of them, will not only spend eternity in Glory ... but will have a grand entrance into that glorious Place as well!

The noun "entrance" is spelled "eisodos" and means "into" (in Greek "eis") the "road or way" (in Greek "hodos"). Yes, the way to Heaven is narrow and strait says Jesus. But those who have the Holy Spirit, the Spirit Who yields faith and virtue and knowledge and so forth, are assured an entrance! They know The Way, Jesus!

This access to Heaven is said to be "ministered" to these multi-fruited saints. We know this verb. It was also used back in verse 5 of our Text. It is spelled "epichoregeo" and means "to supply or furnish or add."

Look! If we ADD these sincere inner graces to our lives, proof of our salvation, God will ADD to us Heaven and all its blessings!

Don't misunderstand. Salvation is a gift, freely bestowed upon repentant sinners. Fruit is a result of saving faith, when the new Believer follows and yields to the Holy Spirit day by day!

As just mentioned, "Epichoregeo" appears both in verse 5 at the beginning of our Passage, and again at the end in verse 11. This forms an "inclusio," a literary technique by which the Holy Spirit is teaching us the major emphasis of the Text. Here's godly "choreography" in Heaven!

We add ... then God adds!

Except we add so little!

I give God my heart!

He gives me Heaven, eternity with Him!

I have an idea that Heaven comes "fully furnished" to the mature Believer in Jesus!

"Abundantly," Peter says!

This adverb is "plousios" in Greek and means "richly!" Copiously, plentifully! "Ploutos" means wealth in Greek! It's from "pletho," to be "full!"

"Into" is "eis" again, taken out of one sphere and placed inside another, here a much better one!

"Everlasting" is "aionois" and is built upon the "aion" stem, meaning an age or an epoch or a vast amount of time, then by extension ... perpetuity! Unending! Without cessation!

Notice here Jesus is both "Lord" (in Greek "kurios," One with supreme authority) and "Saviour" ("soter," One who delivers and makes safe) by Peter, writing under the direct inspiration of the Holy Ghost.

He must be ... or none of His followers could ever have such balanced lives!

Lives overflowing with faith, virtue, knowledge, temperance, patience, godliness, brotherly kindness and love!

Amen!

Add, folks, add!

                                                                                --- Dr. Mike Bagwell

PRAISE THE LORD!