The list (Galatians 5:19-21) contains seventeen items, sins! (At least, in the King James Bible it does. Although not that many in a number, in most, of the current English Translations.)

One of Paul’s longest compilations, anywhere! (And he is a list-maker!)

And today we study the ultimate (final) transgression, “revellings.” (In the lovely Latin language, “ultimare” is an infinitive which means “to come to an end.”)

“Komos” in Greek, grammatically means a “carousal,” but once in the New Testament a “riot” even! Except in our Text here the word is plural! Many wild parties!

Here’s the technical (cultural) definition for “komos” … “A nocturnal and riotous procession of half drunken and frolicsome fellows who after supper parade through the streets of a city with torches and music in honor of Bacchus or some other (false) deity.”

Then the word came to mean: “Feasts and drinking parties that are protracted (continued) till late at night and indulge in all sorts of revelry.”

“Komos” is derived from the Greek verb “keimai,” meaning “to lay down,” but not simply as a “normal” night of sleep. But in a sinful way, harking back to “sexual promiscuity” I’m afraid. (Sins with which this list began!)

Here is Paul using the word (“komos”) the only other time it flows from his pen, at least in the Bible. “Romans 13:13 … “Let us walk honestly, as in the day; not in RIOTING (komos) and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying.” Actually this short verse includes four of the seventeen sins listed in our Text Paragraph! (Only aberrant “chambering” is missing from the Galatians 5:19-21 litany.)

Then Peter uses “komos” once, in 1st Peter 4:3.

That’s it, only 3 times in all 260 chapters of the New Testament!

One ancient source translates “komos” as “debauchery,” that bad!

This sinning individual likely has his conscience irreparably seared … to the point NOTHING is wrong to him any longer! No restraints! Anything, everything is acceptable!

Bordering on what Paul further calls a “reprobate!”

Today’s term for this?

“A party animal,” perhaps.

Folks, this list has come “full circle!”

To the point I am prepared to say … that all these sins of the flesh probably stem from a person’s inner sensual cravings! Of the lower (“Adamic sin nature” here) propensity to “do what feels good” in every area of life. The path of least resistance! Total passivity to the devil, the world and the flesh!

No wonder the Presence of God the Holy Spirit is essential in our lives!

The Holy Spirit who so OPPOSES (lusts against) these sins of the flesh.

Praise God HE is here!

— Dr. Mike Bagwell

 

Finally we have reached the last two sins on Paul’s vice list.

“Drunkenness” today and “revellings” tomorrow, the Lord willing.

The noun is “methe,” which infers “intoxication.”

And surprisingly, it is only found in the New Testament three times, as a noun.

In Luke 21:0, during one of Jesus’ Sermons (on prophecy this particular time), He said: “Take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and DRUNKENNESS, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares.”

Then in Romans 13:13 Paul uses the word: “Let us walk honestly, as in the day; not in rioting and DRUNKENESS, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying.” (Look at the “pairs” of words the Apostle links here!)

Lastly, “methe” occurs in this “works of the flesh” catalogue.

“Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murders, DRUNKENNESS, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.” Galatians 5:19-21

However, a relative of “methe” does occur two more times in the New Testament. It is “methusos” and is translated “drunkard!”

Paul again: “But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a DRUNKARD, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat.” 1st Corinthians 5:11

Then  once more: “Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor DRUNKARDS, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God.” Another Pauline vice list, 1st Corinthians 6:9-10.

Wow!

He is hard on strong drink, the whole Bible is for that matter! 

Do notice too that in our Galatian Text today the noun “drunkenness” is apparently singular, but in Greek it is plural! As in numerous episodes of drunkenness, or bouts of drunkenness!

The ancients usually drank at night, and Christians are children of the light. (“Therefore let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober. for they that sleep sleep in the night; and they that BE DRUNKEN are DRUNKEN in the night. But let us, who are of the day, BE SOBER, putting on the breastplate of faith and love; and for an helmet, the hope of salvation.” 1st Thessalonians 5:6-8)

Now we’ve jjust seen “methe” as a verb! (But in strictly limited sense, only five times in the whole New Testament!)

And in every instance, this “drinking” is wrong! This “drunkenness!” 

What about preachers and drinking? While using different vocabulary words, Paul firmly forbids it here too! In our lives …

“A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach; NOT GIVEN TO WINE, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; one that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection with all gravity; (For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?) Not a novice, lest being lifted up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil.” 1st Timothy 3:2-6, the whole list.

Wow!

Let me close the Lesson with the spiritual antidote to drunkenness: “And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; BUT BE YE FILLED WITH THE SPIRIT.” The dear Holy Spirit, Ephesians 5:18.

In reality, the Holy Spirit is the Giver of victory over all these sins of the flesh! As we shall see later this week, the Lord willing.

— Dr. Mike Bagwell

 

For some reason, a number of current translations of the New Testament “omit” today’s subject! Today’s “sin” I should say. But others include it with a note, “not in some manuscripts!”

But it IS in the old Textus Receptus, the Greek Bible from which our King James Version translators worked. Men of scholarly repute indeed.

I am speaking of  “murders.” 

Nestled in the last verse of this “sins of the flesh” litany.

The (Greek) word is spelled “phonos,” as Paul would have written it.

Its root, “pheno,” means “to murder” 8 times in the Bible, and then “to slaughter” 1 more time. (It is certainly not the HOLY SPIRIT Who leads a human being to cold-bloodedly “murder” a fellow man or woman!)

Matthew 15:19-20 is really Jesus’ Own “works of the flesh” list, and our Lord includes “murder.” That’s good enough for me! (Paul may have been building off this list, in fact.) “For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, MURDERS, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies. These are the things which defile a man ….” 

We learn in Luke 23 that Barabbas was a “murderer!” (“Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for MURDER, was cast into prison.”)

And Saul (Paul) himself, when still a lost Pharisee and persecutor of the Church, was apparently a “murderer!” So recorded Dr. Luke anyway: “And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and SLAUGHTER against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, And desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.” 

And Hebrews 11:37 mentions the saints (martyrs) through the ages who have been “slain” for Jesus’ sake, using a form of our verb here.

So, Paul in Galatians 5:21 (our Text this morning) certainly means “murder” literally … as a “work” of the flesh.

But could he also means it metaphorically, spiritually? I think so! In this sense, quoting John now. “Whosoever HATETH his brother is a MURDERER: and ye know that no murderer hath eternal life abiding in him.” 1 John 3:15

And we have already been told (back in Galatians 5:20) that one of these disgusting expressions of the flesh is vicious “hatred!” 

That’s enough information.

At least for me, to know that I want no part of such a lifestyle.

I want to belong to that crowd that tries “to love one another.”

Don’t you?

— Dr. Mike Bagwell

A realization of which (that type of unselfish loving) is only possible via God the Holy Spirit!

 

No, Paul is NOT splitting hairs! Not in my opinion, anyway. Each of these “qualities” (wrong word, “sins”) has its own meaning, though some of them appear to be closely linked.

Today we study the selfish trait of “envy.”

Paul places it immediately after “heresies” and just before “murders,” on his nefarious “works of the flesh” list.

In fact, Paul has the noun framed in its plural form, “envyings.” 

The Greek word is “phthonos,” which basically means “to destroy, to corrupt,” or “to defile.” It is derived from a root word likely meaning “to pine away.” (So immediately we know that something or someone is being hated!)

Furthermore, it (“phthonos”) is only used 9 times in the entire New Testament.

Twice of the hatred Jesus’ enemies had for Him! As in Mark 15:10, speaking of Jesus’ arrest and crucifixion … “For He (our Lord) knew that the chief priests had delivered Him for envy.” Those rascals feared losing their positions of high power (and greedy money making opportunities), had Jesus been allowed to live! They so “envied” Jesus’ popularity with the common people!

Then … Paul uses our word five times, “phthonos.” Romans 1:21 (that infamous list depicting the tragic “downward” spiral of sin) being a prime example. And of course our Text today (for several days, in fact) is included in these five.

Then add James and Peter, with one occurrence each in their writings. Actually Peter lists “envies” as one of the specific sins that will “choke” our love for God’s Word! Particularly dangerous!

“Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and ENVIES, and all evil speakings, as newborn babes, DESIRE the sincere milk of the WORD, that ye may grow thereby.” 1 Peter 2:1-2

Wow!

One textbook defines “envy” as “regarding another person with ill-will because of what he or she has, possesses!” Needlessly hating him or her simply because he or she has something you’d like to have for yourself!

“Phthonos” is always troubled at the prosperity, the success of anyone! 

Ultra selfish … is the envier!

Maybe even dangerous!

And importantly, this word is never used in a good sense in all the extant literature, even among the heathen!

So for us Christians, instead of being grieved at the success, prosperity of someone else, we should REJOICE in their blessings! 

Information given!

Homework, yet to be completed!

There’s an applicable  Line (maybe two or three) Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 13, that great “Love” Chapter of the Bible.

“Charity (Love) seeketh not her own!” 

“Charity thinketh no evil!”

And “Charity rejoiceth in the truth!”

No room for “envy” then, not in a Believer’s heart!

Need any more be said?

— Dr. Mike Bagwell

 

I’ve heard the word all my life, it seems.

“Heresies!”

(Yet I still have trouble spelling it!)

But there’s no way around it today, it being in Paul’s “works of the flesh” list.

Look with me. “Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, HERESIES, envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like ….” Galatians 5:19-21

Wow!

Fleshly (sexual) sins, the first four.

Spiritual sins, the next two.

And social sins, the “bulk” of the list, the remaining 11 violations.

In that order, too.

But, what are “heresies?”

The word Paul wrote on his (Galatian) parchment was “airesis.” But when pronounced, we get “hairesis.” Virtually our English word, as is “transliterated” in the King James Bible, “heresies.”  (Thus, we are studying a “loan word” today, borrowed from the Greek and employed by the English, the Americans too!)

As far as I can tell, at least in English … the noun “heresy” always has a negative, a bad meaning! In all its etymological history!

It actually derives from a root verb, “aireo,” which simply means “to lift up,” maybe even “to raise up.” And the implication is “to lift up” oneself!  Or, really much more to the point in Paul’s enumeration here, “to lift up one’s particular point of view!” 

The word is sparsely used (9 times, total) in the New Testament. Where it also is only engaged in a contextually negative manner.

Most often translated “sect,” Paul (always) voices the word in reference to the Pharisees, or Sadducees. Acts 15:5 is representative. “But there rose up certain of the SECT of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.”

Even Christianity is called this, a “sect,” by certain Roman leaders … at times anyway, at first. See Acts 28:22 for an example.

But Paul, most importantly for our Lesson today, uses the word to define a “splinter group” in one of his local Churches. Some who have “lifted themselves up,” their “doctrinal views,” above that of all the other brothers and sisters in Christ.

In 1 Corinthians 11:9 Paul admits the existence of such “heresies” in the Church there. And later Peter agrees, adding an adjective to the mix! “But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable HERESIES, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction.” 2 Peter 2:1

Today we label “heresies” as “clearly false teachings,” of any kind.

Now it is true that “aireo,” the root verb behind “heresy,” can just mean “to choose.” As in Hebrews 11:25-26, there spoken of the faithful man of God Moses … “CHOOSING rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season; esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward.”

But once becoming a noun, “heresies” are negative, sinful and (according to Peter) deadly!

Christians, stay away from them, from heresies. Let the Word of God be your Guide, your Canon, your Mentor … and all will be well.

— Dr. Mike Bagwell